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Trump Oversees Signing of Rwanda–DRC Peace Accord as U.S. Mediator in Africa

President Donald Trump hosted a ceremony at the White House on Friday as Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) formally signed a U.S.-brokered peace agreement aimed at ending decades of conflict in eastern Congo. The pact was first signed at the State Department’s Treaty Room and later endorsed in the Oval Office, with Secretary of State Marco Rubio standing alongside the two foreign ministers.

The agreement commits both nations to cease hostilities, withdraw support for armed groups, and respect each other’s territorial integrity. It also outlines a framework for disarmament, conditional integration of former combatants, humanitarian access, refugee returns, and economic cooperation — notably with access to the region’s resource wealth.

From left to right: Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe, U.S. Vice President JD Vance, U.S. President Donald Trump, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, and DRC Foreign Minister Therese Kayikwamba Wagner at the Oval Office on June 27. Photo: AP

đź’Ľ Transactional Diplomacy and U.S. Interests

Trump portrayed the accord as a major diplomatic victory. He highlighted U.S. access to strategic mineral reserves such as cobalt and lithium, presenting the deal as both a peace initiative and an economic opportunity—part of a broader strategy to counter Chinese influence in Africa.

Analysts noted the summit’s focus on mining-backed diplomacy reflects a “transactional” approach. The DRC agreed to concessions on mineral projects, while Rwanda and U.S. leaders emphasized economic incentives over deep regional intervention.

⚠️ Fragile Peace and Implementation Challenges

Despite hopeful rhetoric, skepticism surrounds the deal’s durability. The largest rebel force in the region, M23, was not a signatory and remains active in eastern DRC. Observers warn that without including rebel factions or robust enforcement mechanisms, the accord may falter in the face of entrenched violence.

Humanitarian concerns also remain unaddressed. The deal lacks explicit provisions for justice, accountability for atrocities, or protections for civilian populations displaced by years of conflict .

🌍 Global Significance and Next Steps

The peace pact advances the U.S. as a key diplomatic actor on the continent. However, the key test lies ahead: implementation. Analysts stress that troop withdrawals, disarmament, and economic cooperation must materialize on the ground, not just on paper .

Rwanda and the DRC along with U.S. and regional partners like Qatar must maintain momentum. As Tom Fletcher of the UN’s humanitarian arm noted, “the world must not forget about the Congo” — effectiveness hinges on sustained pressure, funding, and oversight

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